France-Lanord says what we’re dealing with in the Black Notebooks is a “failure of questioning on the part of a thinker who held questioning to be the essence of thought”. It’s a failure to think, in other words, an instance, France-Lanord writes, of “non-thought”. If one describes things that way, then it becomes much easier to compare Heidegger’s case with others. “Antisemitism,” France-Lanord writes, “is an instance of non-thought that feeds off an ignorance of Jewish thought, and it has affected western philosophy very widely—one thinks of Malebranche, Voltaire, Hegel, Marx, or worse still Gottlob Frege.”