Naturalism is the philosophy of the naturalist perspective, and it stands behind the human science of psychology. K A Aho, in the Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology, asserted that human beings are unlike other animals in that they are a “lived-body”, a dialogical way of being that is already engaged and embedded in a web of sociohistorical meanings. That is, we are born embodied into a culture, thrown into it as the philosopher Martin Heidegger has said. Aho claimed that the job of the human sciences is not to explain existence but to understand how we interpret ourselves, how we make meaning out of our experience of being in this world. A background of meanings is always already in place informing the development and direction of a world view.

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